Vernal conjunctivitis is usually severe and occurs in both eyes. Children often get it at the same time each year, such as spring or summer. It is characterised by giant papillae (projections) and follicles (shafts through which hair grows) on the inner upper eyelid. This is often described as ¡®cobblestoning¡¯ or 'cobblestones', because of the way the eye looks when the lid is examined. There is also a stringy, persistent discharge of mucus from the eye.

This condition frequently occurs along with hay fever, atopic dermatitis (a type of inflammatory skin disorder that results in an itchy rash) or asthma. Most commonly, it starts in late childhood and is more common in boys than girls. However, by the time people reach their 20s, males and females are affected equally. It rarely occurs after the age of 30.

Vernal conjunctivitis is a self-limiting disease that comes and goes, often occurring over a period of about 5 to 10 years.

It is more common in countries that have tropical and temperate weather, and is rare in cold climates. Although single allergens can be responsible for causing it, vernal conjunctivitis is more frequently associated with sensitivity to multiple allergens.

Medical treatment consists of intermittent short courses of steroids, either applied directly to the eye or taken as a course of tablets. At the same time, cromoglycate and/or antihistamine preparations may also be given on a continuous basis.

Self-care tips

• Sleep in an air-conditioned room if possible.
• Use packs and cold compresses on your eyes.
• Irrigate your eyes with saline.

If your condition is very severe and moving is an option for you, living in a cool climate may alleviate the symptoms.