This document is provided by the College of Optometrists in Vision Development.
Strabismus is the condition in which a person is unable to align both eyes simultaneously under normal visual circumstances. When both eyes do not point at an object at the same time, this results in the appearance of one eye "turning" in relation to the other. This turning may be in, out, up, down or in any combination. This turning also may be constant, in which an eye turns all the time, or it may be intermittent. It may also alternate so that either eye turns. Besides the obvious turning of an eye, the individual has reduced binocular function and stereopsis (depth perception) and may develop reduced vision in one eye (Amblyopia).

There are many different causes of strabismus. The specific treatment is dependent on the specific type of strabismus and underlying cause. Strabismus can be treated at any age. Some factors favor younger patients while compliance and motivation are more favorable with adults. Treatment typically consists of prescription lenses, prisms and vision therapy. In certain patients surgery may be recommended in conjunction with vision therapy. Surgery may cosmetically straighten the eyes but does not typically improve visual function. The prognosis for optimal outcome in these cases is enhanced through pre- and post-surgical vision therapy. Whether it is constant or intermittent, strabismus always requires treatment. It rarely goes away by itself nor do children outgrow it.